|
|
| Manganese | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,13,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s2 |
| Ground state | 6S5/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 1.39 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.55 |
| Magnetic ordering | Non-magnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.21 x 10-7 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.6475 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 5150 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 280.3 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 14.4 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 220.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.32 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 7.81 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 21.7 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 196 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 6.0 |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 120 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 198 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.60 x 10-6 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.29282 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.1 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 220 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
7.435 |
| Second
|
15.64 |
| Third
|
33.667 |
| Incompatibilities | Oxidizers. |
| Flammability |
|
| Combustible Solid
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
5.89875 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
5.88765 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 19.5) |
6.49045 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
0.6374 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
0.6374 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 20.9) |
0.6488 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 0.5) |
0.721 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 0.5) |
0.721 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 20) |
0.567 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 50) |
0.5549 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
140 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
161 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
139 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
103 pm |
| Metallic
|
127 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | IV (High spin) | 0.8 | 0.66 | |
| V (High spin) | 0.89 | 0.75 | C | |
| VI (High spin) | 0.97 | 0.83 | R* | |
| VI (Low spin) | 0.81 | 0.67 | E | |
| VII (High spin) | 1.04 | 0.9 | C | |
| VIII | 1.1 | 0.96 | R | |
| 3 | V | 0.72 | 0.58 | |
| VI (High spin) | 0.785 | 0.645 | R* | |
| VI (Low spin) | 0.72 | 0.58 | R | |
| 4 | IV | 0.53 | 0.39 | R |
| VI | 0.67 | 0.53 | R* | |
| 5 | IV | 0.47 | 0.33 | R |
| 6 | IV | 0.395 | 0.255 | |
| 7 | IV | 0.39 | 0.25 | |
| VI | 0.6 | 0.46 | A | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Mn+2 |
| Other
|
Mn-3, Mn-2, Mn-1, Mn0, Mn+1, Mn+3, Mn+4, Mn+5, Mn+6, Mn+7 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
717.4 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1509.0 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
3248.4 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
4940 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
6990 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
9200 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
11508 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
18956 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
21400 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
23960 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1228 | 1347 | 1493 | 1691 | 1955 | 2333 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Cubic |
 |
a = 891.25 pm |
| b = 891.25 pm | |
| c = 891.25 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |